Efficacy of systematic versus lobe-specific lymph node dissection in the treatment of clinicalⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma: A propensity score matching study in a single center / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To analyze the effects of systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and lobe-specific lymph node dissection (L-SND) on perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients with clinicalⅠA (cⅠA) stage lung adenocarcinoma. Methods     A retrospective analysis was done on the patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma who received thoracoscopic radical resection admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to August 2016. Propensity score matching was conducted to eliminate the biases. The recurrence-free survival was compared between the two groups after matching. Perioperative parameters and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Results     A total of 725 patients were enrolled, including 252 males and 473 females, with a median age of 62.0 (31.0-69.0) years. There were 228 patients in the L-SND group and 497 patients in the SLND group. After matching, there were 211 patients in each group and no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications (10.9% vs. 13.7%, P=0.374), identification of metastatic positive lymph nodes (12.3% vs. 9.0%, P=0.270), or recurrence-free survival (P=0.492) were found between two groups, whereas the operation time (163.9±39.4 min vs. 135.4±32.4 min, P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss [100.0 (20.0-800.0) mL vs. 100.0 (10.0-400.0) mL, P<0.001], intubation time [4.0 (1.0-18.0) d vs. 4.0 (1.0-9.0) d, P<0.001] and hospital stay (12.3±3.3 d vs. 10.8±2.4 d, P=0.003) in the SLND group were found to be significantly higher or longer than those in the L-SND group. Conclusion     L-SND has a similar efficiency to SLND in terms of postoperative complications, pathological lymph node metastasis, and recurrence-free survival, as well as significant advantages in reducing intraoperative blood loss, and shortening operation time, intubation time and length of hospital stay. Therefore, L-SND can be recommended to replace SLND as a method for lymph node resection in patients with cⅠA stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation of rats through the PC2/sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore whether the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in promoting osteoblast mineralization and maturation is related to the primary cilia, polycystin2 (PC2) and sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.@*METHODS@#We detected the expression levels of PC2, sAC, PKA, CREB and their phosphorylated proteins in primary rat calvarial osteoblasts exposed to 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMFs for 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. We blocked PC2 function with amiloride hydrochloride and detected the changes in the activity of sAC/PKA/CREB signal pathway and the mineralization and maturation of the osteoblasts. These examinations were repeated in the osteoblasts after specific knockdown of PC2 via RNA interference and were the co-localization of PC2, sAC, PKA, CREB and their phosphorylated proteins with the primary cilia were using immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of PC2 and the signaling proteins of sAC/PKA/CREB pathway were detected after inhibition of primary ciliation by RNA interference.@*RESULTS@#The expression levels of PC2, sAC, p-PKA and p- CREB were significantly increased in the osteoblasts after exposure to PEMFs for different time lengths (P < 0.01). Blocking PC2 function or PC2 knockdown in the osteoblasts resulted in failure of sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway activation and arrest of osteoblast mineralization and maturation. PC2, sAC, p-PKA and p-CREB were localized to the entire primary cilia or its roots, but PKA and CREB were not detected in the primary cilia. After interference of the primary cilia, PEMFs exposure no longer caused increase of PC2 expression and failed to activate the sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway or promote osteoblast mineralization and maturation.@*CONCLUSION@#PC2, located on the surface of the primary cilia of osteoblasts, can perceive and transmit the physical signals from PEMFs and promote the mineralization and maturation of osteoblasts by activating the PC2/ sAC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

Research on the equity and spatial accessibility of oral medical resources in Wuhan / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the equity of the allocation of oral medical resources and the accessibility of health service capabilities in Wuhan. Methods The equity of oral medical resources was calculated with Gini coefficient and Theil index, accessibility was assessed by two-step floating catchment area model, and the spatial autocorrelation was used to study the high-low clustering of accessibility. Results The Gini coefficient of oral medical resources based on population level was around 0.3, and the Gini coefficient of oral medical resources based on geographic area was greater than 0.6. Theil index calculation results were similar. In terms of overall accessibility, the area with poor accessibility was 2,428 square kilometers, reaching 28.38% of the total area, while the area with better accessibility accounted for 14.18%. Conclusion The allocation of oral medical care resources based on population distribution was fairer and better than that based on geographic area. Moreover, the geographical accessibility varies greatly between regions, showing the characteristics of high-high cluster and low-low cluster.

Effect of polycystin2 on differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts promoted by low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields / 生物工程学报

It is known that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) can promote the differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) cultured in vitro. However, the mechanism that how ROBs perceive the physical signals of PEMFs and initiate osteogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of ROBs by 0.6 mT 50 Hz PEMFs and the presence of polycystin2 (PC2) located on the primary cilia on the surface of ROBs. First, immunofluorescence staining was used to study whether PC2 is located in the primary cilia of ROBs, and then the changes of PC2 protein expression in ROBs upon treatment with PEMFs for different time were detected by Western blotting. Subsequently, we detected the expression of PC2 protein by Western blotting and the effect of PEMFs on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the expression of Runx-2, Bmp-2, Col-1 and Osx proteins and genes related to bone formation after pretreating ROBs with amiloride HCl (AMI), a PC2 blocker. Moreover, we detected the expression of genes related to bone formation after inhibiting the expression of PC2 in ROBs using RNA interference. The results showed that PC2 was localized on the primary cilia of ROBs, and PEMFs treatment increased the expression of PC2 protein. When PC2 was blocked by AMI, PEMFs could no longer increase PC2 protein expression and ALP activity, and the promotion effect of PEMFs on osteogenic related protein and gene expression was also offset. After inhibiting the expression of PC2 using RNA interference, PEMFs can no longer increase the expression of genes related to bone formation. The results showed that PC2, located on the surface of primary cilia of osteoblasts, plays an indispensable role in perceiving and transmitting the physical signals from PEMFs, and the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of ROBs by PEMFs depends on the existence of PC2. This study may help to elucidate the mechanism underlying the promotion of bone formation and osteoporosis treatment in low-frequency PEMFs.

Panax notoginseng saponins prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition IDO1 mediated immune regulation / 中国天然药物

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A key driver of CRC development is colon inflammatory responses especially in patients with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). It has been proved that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory functions of PNS on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been evaluated.This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of PNS on AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice to explore the possible mechanism of PNS against CAC. Our study showed that PNS significantly alleviated colitis severity and prevented the occurrence of CAC. Functional assays revealed that PNS relieved immunosuppression of Treg cells in the CAC microenvironment by inhibiting the expression of IDO1 mediated directly by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) rather than phosphorylated STAT1. Ultimately, Rh1, one of the PNS metabolites, exhibited the best inhibitory effect on IDO1 enzyme activity. Our study showed that PNS exerted significant chemopreventive function and immunomodulatory properties on CAC. It could reduce macrophages accumulation and Treg cells differentiation to reshape the immune microenvironment of CAC. These findings provided a promising approach for CAC intervention.

Effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Shugan Prescription on Learning， Memory， and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Epileptic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Huazhuo Jiedu Shugan Prescription （HZJDSG） on learning， memory， and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase-3<italic>β</italic> （GSK-3<italic>β</italic>） pathway-related proteins in epileptic rats， and to explore its possible mechanism. Method:Forty-eight SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a sodium valproate （0.19 g·kg^-1） group， and low- （2.7 g·kg^-1）， medium- （5.4 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （10.8 g·kg^-1） HZJDSG groups， with eight rats in each group. The normal group received 0.9% sodium chloride solution （0.035 g·kg^-1） by intraperitoneal injection， and the other five groups received pentetrazol （PTZ） at the same dose to induce a chronic epilepsy model for a total of 14 times. The drug groups received corresponding drugs and the normal group and the model group received 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the same volume once a day for 28 days. During the drug intervention period， epilepsy was maintained in each modeling group by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ on day 7， 14， 21， and 28. The behavioral changes of rats were observed by Morris water maze and the pathomorphological changes of rat hippocampal neurons by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression of phosphorylation Akt（p-Akt）and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein expression of PI3K， Akt， p-Akt， GSK-3<italic>β</italic>， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed prolonged platform finding time （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， reduced number of platform crossings （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， structural damage of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus， down-regulated protein expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3<italic>β </italic>in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and reduced relative expression of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> in the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the sodium valproate group and the HZJDSG groups showed shortened platform finding time （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and improved neuronal structure in the CA1 region of the hippocampus， while the sodium valproate group and the high- and medium-dose HZJDSG groups exhibited increased number of platform crossings （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> in the CA1 region of the hippocampus （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and elevated relative expression of PI3K， p-Akt， and p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:HZJDSG can improve the learning and memory of epileptic rats， and its antiepileptic effect may be achieved by the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3<italic>β</italic> pathway-related proteins.

Clinical observation of acupuncture plus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in thetreatment of post-stroke insomnia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Governor Vessel-unblocking and mind-regulating acupuncture method plus repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke insomnia. Methods: A total of 72 patients with post-stroke insomnia were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 36 cases in each group. The control group received rTMS treatment with a frequency of 1 Hz and a motion threshold value of 90％. The observation group received acupuncture with Governor Vessel-unblocking and mind-regulating method based on the rTMS treatment of the control group. The points were Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 29), Fengfu (GV 16), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenmai (BL 62) and Zhaohai (KI 6). The treatment was performed once a day for 5 d a week followed by 2 d of rest for 4 weeks. The improvements of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were observed after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the PSQI, SAS, and SDS scores of the two groups were all reduced, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). After treatment, the three scores in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group comparing the clinical efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of the Governor Vessel-unblocking and mind-regulating acupuncture method plus rTMS in treating post-stroke insomnia is better than rTMS alone, and it can better improve the anxiety and depression of patients.

Generation and preliminary characterization of chimeric antibodies against neuraminidase of H7N9 subtype influenza A virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To develop the chimeric antibodies against neuraminidase (NA) of H7N9 and to identify their biological activity and function.@*Methods@#The genes of variable regions of the light chain (VL) and heavy chain (VH) obtained by mouse hybridoma technology were cloned respectively into the expression VH and VL vectors bearing human-derived Cγ1, and Cκ1 and co-transfected into 293T cells. The chimeric antibodies were purified and their functions were investigated.@*Results@#Two chimeric antibodies, 1E2 and 3E3 against neuraminidase (NA) of H7N9 were obtained. Both antibodies recognized similar antigenic epitopes. MAb 1E2 and 3E3 could prevent the infectivity with H7N9 and H11N9 virus and reduce their size of viral plaque.@*Conclusions@#The chimeric antibodies specific for N9 could prevent the infection of N9 subtype influenza virus as well as the NAI-resistant mutants and could be a potential immunotherapy approach for H7N9 treatment.

Intranasal Immunization Using CTA1-DD as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of intranasal immunization with CTA1-DD as mucosal adjuvant combined with H3N2 split vaccine.@*METHODS@#Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS (negative control), or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) alone, or CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse) alone, or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) plus CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse). Positive control mice were immunized intramuscularly with H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) and alum adjuvant. All the mice were immunized twice, two weeks apart. Then sera and mucosal lavages were collected. The specific HI titers, IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. IFN-γ and IL-4 were test by ELISpot. In addition, two weeks after the last immunization, surivival after H3N2 virus lethal challenge was measured.@*RESULTS@#H3N2 split vaccine formulated with CTA1-DD could elicit higher IgM, IgG and hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera. Furthermore, using CTA1-DD as adjuvant significantly improved mucosal secretory IgA titers in bronchoalveolar lavages and vaginal lavages. Meanwhile this mucosal adjuvant could enhance Th-1-type responses and induce protective hemagglutination inhibition titers. Notably, the addition of CTA1-DD to split vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal infection by the H3N2 virus.@*CONCLUSION@#CTA1-DD could promote mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which supports the further development of CTA1-DD as a mucosal adjuvant for mucosal vaccines.

Characterization and analysis of VH1-2-encoded heterosubtypic antibodies isolated from an avian H5N1 patient / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To isolate the cross-reactive antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza virus and identify its biological function.@*Methods@#The antibodies gene reservoir of cross-reactive and H5N1 pseudotype particles neutralizing B cell circulating in peripheral blood of a human H5N1 case was recovered by in vitro B cell culture, screening, RT-PCR and expression vector cloning techniques. The Ab gene pairing was screened by transient transfection of human kidney 293T cells and detected using ELISA and neutralization test. The heterosubtypic antibodies were prepared and characterized.@*Results@#We discovered the VH1-2-based heterosubtypic antibodies from two B cell lineages could neutralize GX-H5N1 pseudotype particles and have broader binding with Group 1 (including H1, H5, H6 and H9) and H7 subtype.@*Conclusions@#Cross-reactive antibodies can be induced by H5N1 infection.

Preliminary experiences of Pipeline embolization device for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To preliminarly investigate the application value of Pipeline embolization device ( PED ) in the endovascular interventional treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms. Methods From July 2015 to October 2016, the clinical data of 10 consecutive patients with complex intracranial aneurysm treated with PED at the Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong General Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Their surgical modalities,complications,and imaging findings were analyzed. Results Of the 10 patients,7 were females and 3 were males,their age was 32-68 years ( mean age 54 ± 12 years) . There were 8 patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm,1 with middle cerebral artery aneurysm,and 1 with vertebrobasilar artery aneurysm;there were 2 patients with ruptured aneurysm and 8 with unruptured aneurysm;there were 5 patients with saccular aneurysm ( 2 with wide-necked aneu-rysm) ,3 with fusiform aneurysm,2 with dissecting aneurysm;there were 2 patients with medium aneurysm ( diameter>5-15 mm) ,2 with large aneurysm ( diameter>15-25 mm) ,6 with giant aneurysm ( diameter>25 mm) ,and there were 2 patients with recurrent aneurysm. They were all single aneurysms. Three patients were treated with PED in combination with coil embolization,and 7 patients were treated with PED implantation alone. Nine patients were treated with one PED and 1 was treated with 3 PEDs. The immediate postoperative angiography revealed that the contrast agents in the aneurysm cavities were obviously stranded. One patient died after procedure and 1 had quadriplegia after procedure,and the remaining 8 patients had no PED-related complications. The modified Rankin scale score was 0 in 8 cases,5 in 1 case,and 6 in 1 case on the first post-operative day. They were followed up for 14 to 28 months. Conclusions The different types of intracranial aneurysms treated with PED implantation is relatively safe and effective,but there are also some risks of dis-ability and death. Strictly selecting the indications and developing the individualized treatment strategies are needed.

Intra- and Inter-rater Reliability of Shear Wave Elastic Imaging Technique for Elastic Modulus Measurements of Muscle and Tendon / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the intra- and inter-rater reliability of shear wave elastography (SWE) for the patellar tendon and quadriceps femoris stiffness.Methods From October to November, 2017, the stiffness of the patellar tendon and quadriceps femoris of 20 healthy men was measured by SWE, and measured again five days later. The results were evaluated with interclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results For patellar tendon, ICC=0.79 in intra-rater and inter-rater; for rectus femoris, ICC=0.71 in intra-rater and 0.73 in inter-rater; for vastus lateralis muscle, ICC=0.84 in intra-rater and 0.74 in inter-rater; for vastus medialis,ICC=0.95 in intra-rater and 0.94 in inter-rater.Conclusion It is a reliable and repeatable method to measure the stiffness of patellar tendon and quadriceps femoris by SWE.

Progress in development of neutralizing monoclonal antibody ( McAb ) against MERS-CoV / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

The rapid spread and outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV) in the regions of Middle East in 2012 have been a great concern for researchers worldwide. Thus, efficient preventative and therapeutic countermeasures are urgently needed. Clinical studies have con-firmed that high titers of neutralizing antibodies ( Abs) against MERS-CoV in patients during convalescence have protective potency, which indicates that neutralizing Abs are safe and effective for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection. Spike ( S) protein is a key structural protein that mediates MERS-CoV infection and currently a critical protein for studying MERS-CoV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. This review summari-zes recent advances in identifying neutralizing McAbs against MERS-CoV through describing the structural characteristics of MERS-CoV S protein, different kinds of MERS-CoV vaccines and methods for mAbs screening. Furthermore, we propose the prospects for future research on MERS-CoV neutralizing McAbs ac-cording to the current research progress.

Generation and preliminary characterization of monoclonal antibodies against neuraminidase of H7N9 subtype influenza A virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To develop the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against neuraminidase of H7N9 subtype influenza A virus and identify its biological function.@*Methods@#Female 8 week-old BALB/c mice were immunized and the splenocytes of the mice were fused with Sp2/0 myeloma cells. Indirect ELISA was used to screen hybridoma and the positive clones were subject to be subcloned. Positive clones were identified and the monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) were obtained by purifying the ascetic fluid of mice injected with the hybridoma. The NA-binding as well as neuraminidase-inhibition activity of these mAbs were determined.@*Results@#Three mAbs against neuraminidase of H7N9 subtype influenza A virus, 1G8, 3C4 and 4E8, were obtained. They demonstrated different epitop-recognizing. 3C4 and 4E8 exhibited neuraminidase inhibitory activity, with a IC50 of 1.45 μg/ml and 8.65 μg/ml, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The results suggested that mAbs specific to neuraminidase of H7N9 subtype influenza A virus were developed, providing an useful tool in control and preventing the novel H7N9 influenza A virus.

Analysis of the Expression of Angioarchitecture-related Factors in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS expression levels increased in patients with cAVM compared with those in normal cerebral vascular tissue, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS were higher in the cAVM group than in the control group, all the differences mentioned were statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS are upregulated in patients with cAVM and might play important roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and migration in patients with cAVM. MMP-9, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and eNOS might be potential excellent group proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage at arteriovenous malformation.</p>

Progress in development of neutralizing monoclonal antibody ( McAb ) against MERS-CoV / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

The rapid spread and outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV) in the regions of Middle East in 2012 have been a great concern for researchers worldwide. Thus, efficient preventative and therapeutic countermeasures are urgently needed. Clinical studies have con-firmed that high titers of neutralizing antibodies ( Abs) against MERS-CoV in patients during convalescence have protective potency, which indicates that neutralizing Abs are safe and effective for the treatment of MERS-CoV infection. Spike ( S) protein is a key structural protein that mediates MERS-CoV infection and currently a critical protein for studying MERS-CoV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. This review summari-zes recent advances in identifying neutralizing McAbs against MERS-CoV through describing the structural characteristics of MERS-CoV S protein, different kinds of MERS-CoV vaccines and methods for mAbs screening. Furthermore, we propose the prospects for future research on MERS-CoV neutralizing McAbs ac-cording to the current research progress.

Preliminary application of CT and 3D-DSA data sources in 3D printing of intracranial arteriovenous ;malformations / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To compare the effect of thin-sliced enhanced CT scanning and 3D-DSA data sources in the 3 D printing data reconstruction of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM ). Methods Five patients with AVM were selected prospectively,3 were Spetzler-Martin grade II and 2 were grade III. Two of them used 256-slice spiral CT thin slice enhanced scanning. Three used the 3D-DSA rotating imaging,and the DICOM raw data of the examination results were extracted. Digital processing was performed by using the Mimics software,and the 3 D printing was performed according to the ratio of 1∶1 obtaining the solid model and the effects were compared. Results Using the data source 3 D printing of 256 slice spiral CT thin-slice enhanced scan could obtained skull and blood vessel image information and could reveal the smallest diameter of 0. 9 mm vessel,however,the fine branch structures of the vessel were difficult to distinguish. The 3D printing based on 3D-DSA data,although the digital subtraction did not have the skull data information,the vascular branches showed more abundant. It could reveal the smallest diameter of 0. 9 mm vessel. Conclusions Using the CT thin-slice enhanced scan or 3D-DSA data source can obtain reconstruction images of AVM nidus,and 3D-DSA shows that the better effect for spatial structure of AVM nidus. It is helpful to the design of preoperative treatment scheme and the development of corresponding auxiliary tools.

Prokaryotic expression and characterization of receptor binding domain protein of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To express the receptor binding domain (RBD) protein of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and to characterize the antigenicity of the purified recombi-nant protein. Methods The codon-optimized gene encoding the RBD protein of MERS-CoV was synthesized and then cloned into the pET30a ( +) vector to construct the recombinant expression plasmid. The trans-formed E. coli BL21 (DE3) strains carrying expression plasmid were induced by IPTG under different condi-tions. The expressed products were purified by using nickel affinity chromatography and further analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. Indirect ELISA was performed to analyze the antigenicity and specificity of RBD proteins expressed in prokaryotic expression systems in human serological test. Results The recom-binant RBD proteins were mainly expressed as conclusion body in an optimal induction condition of 37℃ and 0. 5 mmol/ L IPTG for 4 h. The high purified recombinant RBD proteins were obtained through denaturation and renaturation with a relative molecular mass of about 29×103 . Results of the Western blot assay showed that the recombinant RBD proteins could have specific reaction with the serum samples collected form mice with MERS-CoV infection. Indirect ELISA revealed that the RBD proteins expressed in the prokaryotic ex-pression system showed better sensitivity and specificity in the detection of antibodies against MERS-CoV in human serum samples. Conclusion This study reported the prokaryotic expression and purification of RBD protein of MERS-CoV for the first time, which might pave the way for further investigation on immunological detection of MERS-CoV and development of vaccines against MERS-CoV infection.

Survey on the service contract signature of primary medical and health institutions in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To understand the status of service contract signing conducted by primary medical and health institutions.Methods A questionnaire survey and in-depth interview methods were used to study the service contract signing at primary health care institutions.Results The contract signing rate of the institutions surveyed was 1 9.1%,and valid contract signing rate was 76%.Senior people above 65 years old accounted for 33.5% of those signers,while hypertension patients accounted for 1 9.5% and diabetes patients for 10.6%.Interviews to the general practitioners team at the primary health institutions found that main factors affecting residents′ intention to sign were drug availability, attraction for signing the services,treatment habits among others.Interviews to the staff the primary health institutions found that contracted services are facing such difficulties as medical staff shortage,lack of motivation,lack of competence among others.Interviews to leaders of the primary health institutions found that the lack of publicity and support of medical insurance also has great influence to service contract signing.Conclusions The enthusiasm of general practitioners and residents to sign up for the service remains to be improved.

Construction of a reassortant influenza B virus with reverse genetics system / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To construct a reverse genetic platform for influenza B virus and to rescue influenza B virus.Methods Eight plasmids carrying the gene segments of B/Florida/4/2006 virus were constructed by using the bidirectional promoter vector pHW2000.293T cells were co-cultured with MadinDarby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and then transfected with the eight plasmids.The supernatants of cell culture and cell debris were collected after transfection and then injected into embryonated chicken eggs and MDCK cells for rescuing the influenza B virus strains.Results This reverse genetic system could be used for the preparation of reassortant influenza B virus strains.The titers of hemagglutination units of the rescued virus achieved 128-256/50μl.Most of the reassortant virus particles were spherical under electron microscope.Conclusion The pHW2000 reverse genetic system could be used for the rescue of influenza B virus.Moreover,it could also be used for the construction of influenza B virus with specific mutations for further in vestigation on the characteristics of influenza B virus and the construction of vaccine strain.